آکادمی مجازي روابط بين الملل ايران

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http://ifile.it/z914l0/converting_persia_2004.rar

Day of Empire: How Hyperpowers Rise to Global Dominance--and Why They Fall
By Amy Chua
    * Publisher:   Doubleday
    * Number Of Pages:   432
    * Publication Date:   2007-10-30
    * ISBN-10 / ASIN:   0385512848
    * ISBN-13 / EAN:   9780385512848

Product Description:
In a little over two centuries, America has grown from a regional power to a superpower, and to what is today called a hyperpower. But can America retain its position as the world’s dominant power, or has it already begun to decline?

Historians have debated the rise and fall of empires for centuries. To date, however, no one has studied the far rarer phenomenon of hyperpowers—those few societies that amassed such extraordinary military and economic might that they essentially dominated the world.
Now, in this sweeping history of globally dominant empires, bestselling author Amy Chua explains how hyperpowers rise and why they fall. In a series of brilliantly focused chapters, Chua examines history’s hyperpowers—Persia, Rome, Tang China, the Mongols, the Dutch, the British, and the United States—and reveals the reasons behind their success, as well as the roots of their ultimate demise.Chua’s unprecedented study reveals a fascinating historical pattern. For all their differences, she argues, every one of these world-dominant powers was, at least by the standards of its time, extraordinarily pluralistic and tolerant. Each one succeeded by harnessing the skills and energies of individuals from very different backgrounds, and by attracting and exploiting highly talented groups that were excluded in other societies. Thus Rome allowed Africans, Spaniards, and Gauls alike to rise to the highest echelons of power, while the “barbarian” Mongols conquered their vast domains only because they practiced an ethnic and religious tolerance unheard of in their time. In contrast,
Nazi Germany and imperial Japan, while wielding great power, failed to attain global dominance as a direct result of their racial and religious intolerance.But Chua also uncovers a great historical irony: in virtually every instance, multicultural tolerance eventually sowed the seeds of decline, and diversity became a liability, triggering conflict, hatred, and violence.The United States is the quintessential example of a power that rose to global dominance through tolerance and diversity. The secret to America’s success has always been its unsurpassed ability to attract enterprising immigrants. Today, however, concerns about outsourcing and uncontrolled illegal immigration are producing a backlash against our tradition of cultural openness. Has America finally reached a “tipping point”? Have we gone too far in the direction of diversity and tolerance to maintain cohesion and unity? Will we be overtaken by rising powers like China, the EU or even India?
Chua shows why American power may have already exceeded its limits and why it may be in our interest to retreat from our go-it-alone approach and promote a new multilateralism in both domestic and foreign affairs.

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Centralization versus Pluralism
by: Charles P. Kindleberger
Publisher: Copenhagen Business School Press
ISBN: 8716132350
Date Published: 1996
Product Description
The world is currently in the throes of two opposed political and economic struggles: one set of forces leading to the integration of sovereign states as in the European Union, NAFTA and ASEAN, the other, inside many countries, leading to separation with separate sovereignty - or, less dramatically, leading to devolution with a shift of power from the center to states, provinces, localities or even towns. This book focuses on the last issue, primarily through a historical analysis of the problem in several countries, some decentralized like the Dutch Republic in the 17th and 18th centuries, and Germany in the 19th and 20th, some centralized like France and Britain, some with complex mixtures such as Canada, the United States and Japan. In oversimplified terms, its conclusion is: in ordinary times, decentralization is both more democratic and more open to economic and social experiment and innovation but, in crisis, centralization of power is strongly desirable. A major difficulty is that, in most cases, institutional inertia makes it impossible to switch back and forth in timely fashion. Charles P. Kindleberger is Ford International Professor of Economics, Emeritus, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
About the Author
Charles P. Kindleberger is Ford International Professor of Economics, Emeritus, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

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Society and Culture in the Early Modern Middle East: Studies on Iran in the Safavid Period (Islamic History and Civilization)
By International Round Table on Safavid Persia 199 University of edinburg    * Publisher: Brill Academic Publishers
    * Number Of Pages: 456
    * Publication Date: 2003-06
    * ISBN-10 / ASIN: 9004127747
    * ISBN-13 / EAN: 9789004127746
    * Binding: Hardcover
Book Description:
The volume comprises a collection of 20 of the 43 papers presented at the Third International Round Table on Safavid Persia, held at the University of Edinburgh in August, 1998 and edited by the Round Table's organiser. The Third Round Table, the largest of the series to date, continued the emphasis of its predecessors on understanding and appreciating the legacy of the Safavid period by means of exchanges between both established and 'newer' scholars drawn from a variety of fields to facilitate an exchange of ideas, information, and methodologies across a broad range of academic disciplines between scholars from diverse disciplines and research backgrounds with a common interest in the history and culture of this period of Iran's history.

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